National Perspective on Housing First

Housing First is a philosophy and nationwide movement offering new and innovative methods for reducing homelessness. It focuses on assisting both families and individuals with quickly accessing permanent housing and sustaining it. Although there is no exact definition of Housing First, it generally includes the following elements:

1. Shelter stays should last no longer than 90 days, making the shelter system a truly temporary response. Currently, shelters act as the primary housing solution for homeless families – some staying in shelter for 3 to 5 years.

2. Rapid re-housing is the centerpiece of Housing First. Because families should only stay in shelter for 90 days, they should be quickly and accurately assessed and moved into permanent housing.

3. The estimated cost of housing a family for one year in the Massachusetts’ shelter system averages $48,000. Housing First contends that paying for a household’s apartment is much more cost effective than using tax dollars to place the family in a state-funded shelter bed.

4. Housing is a human right, and families are ready for permanent housing now. Frequently, homeless parents must first prove they are ready for housing by participating in various programs and services. Through completion of these programs, families earn the opportunity to live in a permanent home. Housing First contends that families should be given housing first and then offered services. The belief is that families are more responsive to interventions and services after they have been stabilized in a permanent home, reducing their bout of homelessness. Depending on the population being served, services can be short-term or last indefinitely.

5. Unlike the traditional model, acceptance of services should not be contingent on whether a family can stay in permanent housing. Many organizations interpret this to mean that housing should have absolutely no strings attached including commitments to case management and sobriety. Ultimately, services are suggested but not required.

6. Supporters of Housing First point to research demonstrating that children are generally healthier and more successful in the classroom when they are living in permanent housing.

7. Housing First, according to the philosophy, will reduce reliance on other community resources including emergency medical care and the criminal justice system. This will then free up tax dollars for other community needs.

Housing First does not imply that emergency shelter and transitional housing are obsolete but does contend that permanent housing with supportive services is more effective and beneficial for families and their children. In addition, not all families are ready for permanent housing. For instance, those fleeing domestic violence may benefit from a more intimate and supportive environment.

Because Housing First is a philosophy, different regions of the country and the state will apply different the aspects that best fit with the environment in which they operate and the population they serve. Many organizations working toward a complete fulfillment of the philosophy may be hindered by funding, the cost of housing or the lack of affordable housing. This, however, does not mean they are not a Housing First organization or program.